Encyclopaedia Judaica
Jews in Egypt 06: Disaster 1945-1970
Some riots since 1945 - Zionist Herzl Israel and the repercussions on the Jews in Egypt by general Muslim agitation - expulsion and Jewish exodus
from: Egypt; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 6
presented by Michael Palomino (2008)
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<Contemporary Period.
[Population figures of 1947 - Jewish multi-millionaires in Egypt - no restrictions]
According to the Egyptian census of 1947, 65,600 Jews lived in Egypt, 64% of them in Cairo, 32% in Alexandria, and the rest in other towns. Egyptian Jewry was thus the most urban of the Jewish communities of Asia and Africa. In 1947 most Egyptian Jews (59%) were merchants, and the rest were employed in industry (18%), administration, and public services (11%). The economic situation of Egyptian Jewry was relatively good; there were several multi-millionaires, a phenomenon unknown in the other communities of the Middle East.
Most Egyptian Jews received some form of education, and there were fewer illiterates among them than in any other Oriental community. This was due to the fact that Jews were concentrated in the two great cities with all kinds of educational facilities. There were no restrictions on accepting Jews in government or foreign schools.
[Riots against Jews in November 1945 - 75%-employees law since 1947 - persecution after the foundation of imperialist Free Mason Herzl CIA Israel]
In November 1945 riots, organized by the "Young Egypt" group led by Ahmad Husayn, ended in attacks on the Cairo Jewish quarter. A synagogue, a Jewish quarter hospital, and an old-age home were burned down and many Jews injured or killed. This was the first disturbance of its kind in the modern history of Egypt.
The year 1947 was the beginning of the end of the Egyptian Jewish community, for in that year the Companies' Law was instituted, which required that not less than 75% of employees of companies in Egypt must be Egyptian citizens. The law affected Jews most of all, since only 20% of them were Egyptian citizens. The rest, although in many cases born in Egypt and living there for generations, were aliens or stateless persons.
After the State of Israel was established, persecution of Jews began.
[[There is never said how many Zionists and non-Zionists are in Egypt. The general persecution of the Jews is the big fault of the Muslims]].
[[Foundation of Herzl Free Mason CIA Israel - Middle East conflict
Israel was found on 15 May 1948 with a speech of the Zionist dictator Ben Gurion without definition of any borderlines (Encyclopaedia Judaica: Israel, State of, vol. 9, col. 372), and with cooperation of racist CIA of the racist "USA" (In: Benjamin Pinkus: The Soviet Government and the Jews 1948-1967). So this Herzl Israel was precisely working together with the racists which had driven the natives of the "USA" away, and the project to drive all Muslims away, as Herzl had said in his book "The Jewish State", was really not far and was beginning to be realized with ghettoization and mass violations of Palestinians (see the analysis with the original Herzl text here). This provoked the state of emergency in all Muslim countries, and this emergency state will never end until this Herzl Israel is a Israel under human rights. But the Free Mason leaders of Israel love Herzl racism and don't want human rights, as also the Free Mason leaders of the "USA" don't want human rights but use Israel as their satellite, and Muslim leaders cannot accept this racism. And the project of an Israel borderline at the Euphrates in First Mose chapter 15 phrase 18 (see the Bible itself!) is not cancelled until today. This Jewish war declaration is active until now. European leaders are blind and never see the racism of Free Masonry and the reasons of the Middle East conflict, and it also can be admitted that many Jews in Israel never have read the racist Herzl book. Human rights would be good... (conclusion Palomino)]]
[since 15 May 1948: emergency law - riots and anger of the Muslims against the British and the Jews - 26 Jan. 1952: 25,000 Jews leave Egypt]
On May 15, 1948, emergency law was declared, and a royal decree forbade Egyptian citizens to leave the country without a special permit. This was applied to Jews. Hundreds of Jews were arrested and many had their property confiscated. In June through August 1948, bombs were planted in Jewish neighbourhoods and Jewish businesses looted. About 250 Jews were killed or wounded by the bombs.
In 1949, when the consular law courts which tried foreign citizens were abolished, many Jews were affected. The condition of the Jews gradually worsened until, in July 1949, the new government headed by Husayn Sirri Pasha began to release detainees and return some of the frozen Jewish assets which had been confiscated, also allowing some Jews to leave Egypt.
[[...]]
About 25,000 Jews left Egypt between 1948 and 1950, some 14,000 of them settling in Israel.
[[So it can be roughly estimated that from 25,000 Jews leaving 14,000 were Zionists, but any precise investigation is missing]].
[[...]]
In January 1950, when the Wafd government under Nuqrashi Pasha was overthrown, all Jewish detainees were released and the rest of their property restored to them. The condition of the Jews slightly improved, although they were (col. 500)
forced to donate large sums of money to the soldiers' fund, and leaders of the community were coerced into publishing a declaration against the State of Israel. During the anti-British riots on Black Saturday (January 26, 1952), many foreign citizens were injured, and the loss of Jewish property on that day was estimated at EL9,000,000 ($25,000,000).
When persecution lessened, Jewish emigration decreased.
[[...]]
[Underground Herzl Zionist movement in Egypt - reduced Jewish communities after 1952]
Egypt was the only Arab country in which the Zionist shekel was clandestinely distributed for the Zionist Congress of 1951 after the establishment of the State of Israel. There was a highly developed Zionist underground movement in Egypt, and some of its members were arrested.
After the mass exodus (col. 501)
from Egypt, most of the synagogues, social welfare organizations, and Jewish schools were closed; the Jewish newspaper, La Menora (published in French and edited by Jacques Maleh from February 1950 to May 1953), was closed down after Maleh was deported. The Jewish representatives in the Senate and the House of Representatives (Aslan *Cattaui and his brother René) lost their seats. The Cairo and Alexandrian communities had committees, but there was no nationwide organization, the chief rabbi of Cairo simply being recognized as the chief rabbi of Egypt. (col. 502)
[[...]]
[The governments of Naguib (since 1952) and Nasser (since 1954)]
After the deposition of King Farouk in July 1952, the new government headed by General Mohammad Naguib was favorably inclined toward Jews, but when Naguib was overthrown and *Nasser seized power in February 1954 there was a change for the worse. Nasser immediately arrested many Jews and many were tried on various charges, mainly for Zionist and communist activities.
In 1954 about 100 Jews were arrested, but most attention was attracted by the trial of the 13 charged with being members of an Israel intelligence network. Two of those charged died, and Moses Leo *Marzuk, a Karaite surgeon and Samuel Bekhor Azar, a teacher, were sentenced to death, while the rest were condemned to various terms of imprisonment.
Arrests of Jews continued. They were also forced to donate money to arm the military forces, Chief Rabbi Haim *Nahoum explaining that it was a national duty. In addition, strict supervision of Jewish enterprises was introduced; some were confiscated and some forcibly sold to the government.
[November 1956: Jewish army with Sinai Campaign - measures against Jews in Egypt]
Immediately after the Sinai Campaign (November 1956), hundreds of Jews were arrested. About 3,000 were interned without charges in four detention camps. at the same time, the government served notice on thousands of Jews to leave the country within a few days, and they were not allowed to sell their property nor to take any capital with them. The deportees were made to sign statements agreeing not to return to Egypt and transferring their property to the administration of the government. The International Red Cross helped about 8,000 stateless Jews to leave the country, taking most of them to Italy and Greece in chartered boats. Most of the Jews of Port Said (about 100) were smuggled to Israel by Israel agents. The system of deportation continued into 1957. Other Jews left voluntarily, after their livelihoods had been taken from them, until only 8,561 were registered in the 1957 census. Most of them lived in Cairo (65.3%) and Alexandria (32.2%). The Jewish exodus continued until there were about 3,000 in 1967 - only about 50 were Ashkenazim since most members of this community had left or been deported.
[June 1967: Six-Day War - measures against Jews in Egypt]
With the outbreak of the Six-Day War in June 1967 the few remaining Jewish officials holding public posts were discharged and hundreds of Jews were arrested. They were beaten, tortured, and abused. Some were released following intervention by foreign countries, especially Spain, and were permitted to leave the country. Among the detainees were the chief rabbi of Egypt, R. Hayyim Duwayk, and the rabbi of Alexandria, who were held for seven months.
Several dozen Jews were held in detention until July 1970. Less than 1,000 Jews still lived in Egypt in 1970 when they were given permission to leave Egypt but without their possessions. Subsequently only four families (including that of the chief rabbi) remained in Egypt.
[1970 approx.: Egyptian Jews in the world: figures and countries]
Thirty-five thousand Egyptian Jews live in Israel and there are about 15,000 in Brazil, 10,000 in France, 9,000 in the United States, 9,000 in Argentina, and 4,000 in Great Britain.> (col. 501)
[[Precize figures how many Jews in Egypt were Zionist and non-Zionist are never given by Encyclopaedia Judaica, but the percentage can be estimated by the countries they went]].
Table. Jews in Egypt 1947-1970
Year
number of Jews
special indications
source
1947
65,600
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 500 1948-1950
- 25,000
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 501 26 Jan. 1952
Black Saturday
Loss of Jewish property estimated $25,000,000
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 501 1956
- tousands of Jews
in the cours of the Sinai Campaign
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 501
- 8,000 stateless Jews taken by the Red Cross mostly to Italy and Greece
- 100 approx. from Port Said smuggled to Israel
1957
8,561
census of 1957
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 501 1967
- ?
in the cours of the Six-Day War
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 501 July 1970
less than 1,000
then: permission to leave
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 501 end of 1970
4 Jewish families
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 501 Table by Michael Palomino (2008)
Table. Destinations of the Jews from Egypt*
xxxxxxxxxxxHerzl Israel
35,000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxBrazil
15,000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxFrance
10,000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx"USA"
9,000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxArgentina
9,000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxGreat Britain
4,000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxTotal
82,000xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxin Israel
42.7%xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx * Table by Michael Palomino; there is no indication of years given in the article. The total of 65,600 Egyptian Jews from the table above is not corresponding with the total of this table here of 82,000. There may have been an emigration before during the 1930s already, or children of the emigrants are also counted. There is no indication in Encylopaedia Judaica about this problem.
Table by Michael Palomino; from: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971: Egypt, vol. 6, col. 501
<Relations with Israel.
Egypt was one of the Arab countries that invaded Israel upon its establishment in May 1948. After the defeat of the Egyptian forces, an Armistice Agreement was signed between the two countries at Rhodes ion Feb. 24, 1949; however, Egypt still regarded itself as at war with Israel, and there was no improvement in the relations after the Egyptian officers' revolution and the accession to power first of Mohammed Naguib and, later, of Gamal Abdal Nasser.
Egypt participated in the Arab economic boycott of Israel, did not permit passage of Israel shipping and cargoes to and from Israel through the Suez Canal, and obstructed the passage of Israel shipping and cargoes to and from Israel through the Straits of Tiran.
It occupied the Gaza Strip after the 1948 war and perpetrated an increase in armed infiltration and sabotage against Israel beginning in 1955, which led to the Sinai Campaign (October-November 1956). After the Sinai Campaign and the stationing of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) in the Gaza Strip and Sharm el-Sheikh, there was an almost complete cessation of fedayeen activity on the Gaza Strip-Sinai border and no interference with shipping to the port of Eilat until the withdrawal of the UNEF at Egyptian demand in May 1967, which was one of the factors that precipitated the Six-Day War. Throughout the period that followed the Israel War of Independence, Egypt was the leading force in the Arab opposition to Israel and the threat to its existence.
See also State of *Israel, Historical Survey 1948-1970, Foreign Relations; Gamal Abdal *Naser; *War of Independence; *Armistice Agreements; *Sinai Campaign; *Six-Day War; *Arab League.> (col. 502)
[[Supplement: The "helpful" Western countries are supporting Herzl CIA Israel - the tragedy for the Jewish population
The Western "democratic" countries and their blind governments substituted the Arab economic boycott so Zionist Free Mason Herzl Israel could installate the second strongest army in the world with many atomic bombs headed against the Arabs. The Arab countries stayed with the "Soviet Union" against Israel also with atomic bombs with its base in the "Soviet Union". Add to this Israel claims that Eilat would be essential for Israel, but this is only a strategical game to block Muslim traffic between Africa and Asia. So, the European countries with human rights (except Switzerland) were supporting Free Mason Herzl CIA Israel with no human rights at all, and this never stops, because Europe feels guilty for ever to the Jews after the Holocaust, and Zionist Israel government knows to play the game to be a Holocaust victim and to be an "American" military base at the same time. It's clear that a military base of the "USA" does not need any human right, and the Jewish population in Israel is abused by this strategical game of the Free Mason mafia between "USA" and Jerusalem. Egypt itself is totally impoverished and president Saddat was distinguishing himself by a pro-"USA" policy and was murdered for this. The situation is a complete disaster for all parts.
All this tragedy can only be stopped by human rights on all sides, without Herzl, and without Mose, and without any boycott. But the Western "democratic" media are even hiding the Free Mason and the CIA-Mosad connections, and Free Masons and secret services do not want human rights, so the case will never come to an end and a lasting development. To the contrary it can be admitted that criminal Free Mason governments in the "USA" and in Jerusalem and CIA and Mosad who are arranging their wars in the world would really like to solve the "Arab problem" by atomic bombs which Israel is never disarming. And most of the Jews in Israel never want to have any atomic bomb, but the criminal secret services, they want this! There is nothing about this situation in Encyclopaedia Judaica... (conclusion Palomino)]].
Sources
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Egypt, vol.6, col. 499-500
Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Egypt, vol.6, col. 501-502
