4. Bessarabia
[Bessarabia 1940-1941: Stalin
deportations]
from: Bessarabia; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, Vol. 4
<After the entry of the Red Army into Bessarabia on June 28, 1940,
life for Jews in Bessarabia was gradually brought in line with the
general pattern of Jewish existence under the Soviet regime. On June
13, 1941, a comprehensive "purge" was carried out throughout the
region. Thousands of Jews - communal leaders, active members of the
Zionist movement, businessmen, and persons suspected of disloyalty to
the regime - were arrested and deported to internment camps for exiled
to Siberia.> (col. 708)
[The withdrawal of the Red Army and Big Flight from Barbarossa is not
mentioned in the article].
-----
But here is an excelent example for the flight from Barbarossa:
Jews in Orgeyev
Jews since 1741 - 7,144 registered Jews in 1897 (57.9%
of total population) - Zionist activities - Flight from Barbarossa and distribution of the Jews in inner Russia -
mass murder under NS regime - 3,000 Jews in 1970
from: Orgeyev (Orhei); In: Encyclopaedia
Judaica
(1971)
presented by Michael Palomino (2010)
<
ORGEYEV (Rum. Orhei), city in Bessarabia, central Moldavian S.S.R.
[Settlement - Zionist activities for foundation of racist Zionist Israel]
Jews first mentioned in Orgeyev in 1741. The community developed after
the Russian annexation of Bessarabia in 1812 when many Jews emigrated
to the region. There were 3,102 Jews registered in 1864 and 7,144
(57.9% of the total population) in 1897. They established educational
and welfare institutions, and in 1865 a
talmud torah was
opened where secular studies were also taught; in 1877 a hospital and
an old age home were founded. The Jews of Orgeyev were mostly
businessmen and craftsmen, but some were viniculturists on the
outskirts of the town. In the late 1890s an agricultural training farm
was founded and it was supported by the Jewish Colonization Association
(ICA) [[with racist Zionist plan of a Jewish Reich against the all
Arabs who had no weapons until 1915, but then had weapons]].
Among the 1,480 members registered in the loan fund in 1925 there were
286 farmers. In 1930 there were 6,408 Jews (41.9% of the total
population). [EL.F.]
Holocaust Period and After.
[Flight from Barbarossa to inner Russia - death on the way by foot - distribution in inner Russia]
When war broke out (June 1941) the Soviet army, which had been in
Orgeyev from the previous June, helped Jews to escape. Some got to
Kryulyany (Criuleni) and wandered from there. One group roamed through
southern Russia on foot; of these, some were killed in German air
raids, while others succumbed to the cold or died from starvation and
disease. The survivors eventually reached Stalingrad, where the
authorities dispersed them among the kolkhozes. When the front drew
near, they were sent on to the Ural Mountains, central Asia, and
Uzbekistan. One large group of Orgeyev Jews was located at Tashkent and
the surrounding area.
|
|
[Holocaust under NS regime with mass murder]
Those Jews who remained in Orgeyev came to a bitter end. When the
German-Rumanian forces entered on July 8-10, a Jewish delegation
presented itself before them to welcome them with bread and salt, but
all its members were murdered on the spot. The Jewish population was
enclosed in a ghetto, where it lived under extremely crowded conditions
and was exposed to constant maltreatment and daily murders. On [col.
1456]
August 6, about 200 Jews were murdered by the 25th Rumanian regiment
and their bodies were thrown into the Dniester. In 1942 all the
survivors were deported to the concentration camp at Tiraspol,
Transnistria; their exit from the city was accompanied by the music of
a gypsy band and the old people were forced to dance in the streets.
When the transport reached a nearby forest, the young men among the
deportees were taken to an open field where they underwent torture and
where many were shot to death by the soldiers. Others died on the way
to Tiraspol and others in the Transnistrian camps. Only a few lived to
see the end of the war.
[1945-1970]
There was little Jewish life after the war. [[Precise numbers of
returning Jews are missing, but some thousand have returned for sure]].
The only synagogue in Orgeyev was closed down by the authorities in
1960, after they had organized a "petition" claiming that its presence
was disturbing the neighbors. The Jewish population in 1970 was
estimated at about 3,000. [J.AN.]
[[So at least 3,000 had come back from Russia after 1945]].
Bibliography:
-- Orhiyov be-Vinyanah u-ve-Hurbanah (1959)
-- M. Mircu: Pogromurile din basarabia... (1947), 9-10.>
